Theridiidae is a large family of spiders, also known as the tangle-web spiders, cobweb spiders and comb-footed spiders. The diverse family includes over 2,200 species in over 100 genera[3] of three-dimensional space-web-builders found throughout the world. Theridiid spiders are entelegyne (have a genital plate in the female) araneomorphecribellate (use sticky capture silk instead of woolly silk) spiders that often build tangle space webs and have a comb of serrated bristles (setae) on the tarsus of the fourth leg.
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The Opiliones/oʊˌpɪliˈoʊniːz/ or /ɒˌpɪliˈoʊnɛz/ (formerly Phalangida) are an order of arachnidscolloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters or daddy longlegs. Although both harvestmen and spiders are arachnids, the two orders are not otherwise closely related. As of December 2011, over 6,500 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide,[1] although the total number of extant species may exceed 10,000.[2] The order Opiliones includes five suborders: Cyphophthalmi, Eupnoi, Dyspnoi, Laniatores, and the recently named Tetrophthalmi.[3] With the exception of the Dyspnoi (which are restricted to North America and Eurasia), representatives of each can be found on every continent except Antarctica. Well-preserved fossils have been found in the 400-million-year-old Rhynie cherts of Scotland, and 305-million-year-old rocks in France, which look surprisingly modern, indicating that their basic body plan appeared very early on,[4] and, at least in some taxa, has changed little since that time. Their phylogenetic position within the Arachnida is disputed: their closest relatives may be the mites (Acari) or the Novogenuata (the Scorpiones, Pseudoscorpiones, and Solifugae).[5] Although superficially similar to and often misidentified as spiders (order Araneae), the Opiliones are a distinct order that is not closely related to spiders. They can be easily distinguished from long-legged spiders by their fused body regions and single pair of eyes in the middle of the cephalothorax. Spiders have a distinct abdomen that is separated from the cephalothorax by a constriction, and they have three to four pairs of eyes, usually around the margins of the cephalothorax.
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Latrodectus is a genus of spiders in the family Theridiidae, most of which are commonly known as widow spiders. The genus contains 31 recognized species[2] distributed worldwide, including the North American black widows (L. mactans, L. hesperus, and L. variolus), the button spiders of Africa, and the Australian redback spider. Species vary widely in size. In most cases, the females are dark-coloured and readily identifiable by reddish markings on the abdomen, which are often (but not always) hourglass-shaped.
The venomous bite of these spiders is considered particularly dangerous because of the neurotoxin latrotoxin, which causes the condition latrodectism, both named after the genus. The female black widow has unusually large venom glands and its bite can be particularly harmful to humans. However, despite the genus’ notoriety, Latrodectus bites are rarely fatal. Only female bites are dangerous to humans.
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The anatomy of spiders includes many characteristics shared with other arachnids. These characteristics include bodies divided into two tagmata (sections or segments), eight jointed legs, no wings or antennae, the presence of chelicerae and pedipalps, simple eyes, and an exoskeleton, which is periodically shed.
Spiders also have several adaptations that distinguish them from other arachnids. All spiders are capable of producing silk of various types, which many species use to build webs to ensnare prey. Most spiders possess venom, which is injected into prey (or defensively, when the spider feels threatened) through the fangs of the chelicerae. Male spiders have specialized pedipalps that are used to transfer sperm to the female during mating. Many species of spiders exhibit a great deal of sexual dimorphism.[1]
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A pseudoscorpion, also known as a false scorpion or book scorpion, is an arachnidbelonging to the order Pseudoscorpiones, also known as Pseudoscorpionida or Chelonethida.
Pseudoscorpions are generally beneficial to humans since they prey on clothes moth larvae, carpet beetle larvae, booklice, ants, mites, and small flies. They are tiny and inoffensive, and are rarely seen due to their small size, despite being common in many environments. Pseudoscorpions often carry out phoresy, a form of commensalism in which one organism uses another for the purpose of transport.
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The jumping spider family (Salticidae) contains over 600 described genera and more than 5800 described species,[1] making it the largest family of spiders with about 13% of all species.[2] Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods and use it in courtship, hunting, and navigation. Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair being particularly large.
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Oribatida (formerly Cryptostigmata), also known as moss mites or beetle mites,[1] are an order of mites, in the “chewing Acariformes” cladeSarcoptiformes. They range in size from 0.2 to 1.4 millimetres (0.008 to 0.055 in).[1]
Oribatid mites generally have low metabolic rates, slow development and low fecundity.[1]Species are iteroparous with adults living a relatively long time; for example, estimates of development time from egg to adult vary from several months to two years in temperate forestsoils.[1] Oribatid mites have six active instars: prelarva, larva, 3 nymphal instars and the adult.[1] All these stages after the prelarva feed on a wide variety of material including living and dead plant and fungal material, lichens and carrion; some are predatory, but none is parasitic and feeding habits may differ between immatures and adults of the same species.
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Oribatida (formerly Cryptostigmata), also known as moss mites or beetle mites,[1] are an order of mites, in the “chewing Acariformes” cladeSarcoptiformes. They range in size from 0.2 to 1.4 millimetres (0.008 to 0.055 in).[1]
Oribatid mites generally have low metabolic rates, slow development and low fecundity.[1]Species are iteroparous with adults living a relatively long time; for example, estimates of development time from egg to adult vary from several months to two years in temperate forestsoils.[1] Oribatid mites have six active instars: prelarva, larva, 3 nymphal instars and the adult.[1] All these stages after the prelarva feed on a wide variety of material including living and dead plant and fungal material, lichens and carrion; some are predatory, but none is parasitic and feeding habits may differ between immatures and adults of the same species.
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Oribatida (formerly Cryptostigmata), also known as moss mites or beetle mites,[1] are an order of mites, in the “chewing Acariformes” cladeSarcoptiformes. They range in size from 0.2 to 1.4 millimetres (0.008 to 0.055 in).[1]
Oribatid mites generally have low metabolic rates, slow development and low fecundity.[1]Species are iteroparous with adults living a relatively long time; for example, estimates of development time from egg to adult vary from several months to two years in temperate forestsoils.[1] Oribatid mites have six active instars: prelarva, larva, 3 nymphal instars and the adult.[1] All these stages after the prelarva feed on a wide variety of material including living and dead plant and fungal material, lichens and carrion; some are predatory, but none is parasitic and feeding habits may differ between immatures and adults of the same species.
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Oribatida (formerly Cryptostigmata), also known as moss mites or beetle mites,[1] are an order of mites, in the “chewing Acariformes” cladeSarcoptiformes. They range in size from 0.2 to 1.4 millimetres (0.008 to 0.055 in).[1]
Oribatid mites generally have low metabolic rates, slow development and low fecundity.[1]Species are iteroparous with adults living a relatively long time; for example, estimates of development time from egg to adult vary from several months to two years in temperate forestsoils.[1] Oribatid mites have six active instars: prelarva, larva, 3 nymphal instars and the adult.[1] All these stages after the prelarva feed on a wide variety of material including living and dead plant and fungal material, lichens and carrion; some are predatory, but none is parasitic and feeding habits may differ between immatures and adults of the same species.
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Oribatida (formerly Cryptostigmata), also known as moss mites or beetle mites,[1] are an order of mites, in the “chewing Acariformes” cladeSarcoptiformes. They range in size from 0.2 to 1.4 millimetres (0.008 to 0.055 in).[1]
Oribatid mites generally have low metabolic rates, slow development and low fecundity.[1]Species are iteroparous with adults living a relatively long time; for example, estimates of development time from egg to adult vary from several months to two years in temperate forestsoils.[1] Oribatid mites have six active instars: prelarva, larva, 3 nymphal instars and the adult.[1] All these stages after the prelarva feed on a wide variety of material including living and dead plant and fungal material, lichens and carrion; some are predatory, but none is parasitic and feeding habits may differ between immatures and adults of the same species.
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Oribatida (formerly Cryptostigmata), also known as moss mites or beetle mites,[1] are an order of mites, in the “chewing Acariformes” cladeSarcoptiformes. They range in size from 0.2 to 1.4 millimetres (0.008 to 0.055 in).[1]
Oribatid mites generally have low metabolic rates, slow development and low fecundity.[1]Species are iteroparous with adults living a relatively long time; for example, estimates of development time from egg to adult vary from several months to two years in temperate forestsoils.[1] Oribatid mites have six active instars: prelarva, larva, 3 nymphal instars and the adult.[1] All these stages after the prelarva feed on a wide variety of material including living and dead plant and fungal material, lichens and carrion; some are predatory, but none is parasitic and feeding habits may differ between immatures and adults of the same species.
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Oribatida (formerly Cryptostigmata), also known as moss mites or beetle mites,[1] are an order of mites, in the “chewing Acariformes” cladeSarcoptiformes. They range in size from 0.2 to 1.4 millimetres (0.008 to 0.055 in).[1]
Oribatid mites generally have low metabolic rates, slow development and low fecundity.[1]Species are iteroparous with adults living a relatively long time; for example, estimates of development time from egg to adult vary from several months to two years in temperate forestsoils.[1] Oribatid mites have six active instars: prelarva, larva, 3 nymphal instars and the adult.[1] All these stages after the prelarva feed on a wide variety of material including living and dead plant and fungal material, lichens and carrion; some are predatory, but none is parasitic and feeding habits may differ between immatures and adults of the same species.
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Oribatida (formerly Cryptostigmata), also known as moss mites or beetle mites,[1] are an order of mites, in the “chewing Acariformes” cladeSarcoptiformes. They range in size from 0.2 to 1.4 millimetres (0.008 to 0.055 in).[1]
Oribatid mites generally have low metabolic rates, slow development and low fecundity.[1]Species are iteroparous with adults living a relatively long time; for example, estimates of development time from egg to adult vary from several months to two years in temperate forestsoils.[1] Oribatid mites have six active instars: prelarva, larva, 3 nymphal instars and the adult.[1] All these stages after the prelarva feed on a wide variety of material including living and dead plant and fungal material, lichens and carrion; some are predatory, but none is parasitic and feeding habits may differ between immatures and adults of the same species.
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Oribatida (formerly Cryptostigmata), also known as moss mites or beetle mites,[1] are an order of mites, in the “chewing Acariformes” cladeSarcoptiformes. They range in size from 0.2 to 1.4 millimetres (0.008 to 0.055 in).[1]
Oribatid mites generally have low metabolic rates, slow development and low fecundity.[1]Species are iteroparous with adults living a relatively long time; for example, estimates of development time from egg to adult vary from several months to two years in temperate forestsoils.[1] Oribatid mites have six active instars: prelarva, larva, 3 nymphal instars and the adult.[1] All these stages after the prelarva feed on a wide variety of material including living and dead plant and fungal material, lichens and carrion; some are predatory, but none is parasitic and feeding habits may differ between immatures and adults of the same species.
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Oribatida (formerly Cryptostigmata), also known as moss mites or beetle mites,[1] are an order of mites, in the “chewing Acariformes” cladeSarcoptiformes. They range in size from 0.2 to 1.4 millimetres (0.008 to 0.055 in).[1]
Oribatid mites generally have low metabolic rates, slow development and low fecundity.[1]Species are iteroparous with adults living a relatively long time; for example, estimates of development time from egg to adult vary from several months to two years in temperate forestsoils.[1] Oribatid mites have six active instars: prelarva, larva, 3 nymphal instars and the adult.[1] All these stages after the prelarva feed on a wide variety of material including living and dead plant and fungal material, lichens and carrion; some are predatory, but none is parasitic and feeding habits may differ between immatures and adults of the same species.
